A 2026 expert report alleges widespread anti-Muslim discrimination and violence in Assam and Uttar Pradesh may constitute international crimes under international human rights and criminal law, including crimes against humanity under the Rome Statute, to which India is not a signatory but is party to several other treaties and conventions. In Assam, the panel cites evidence of hate speech, forced evictions, deportations, police abuses, and discriminatory policies. In Uttar Pradesh, practices include “encounter” killings, hate speech, and abusive, punitive policing targeting Muslims.