At least seven Indian states have filed criminal cases against pro-Palestine protesters. We traced 17 FIRs—nine in states run by the BJP or in a BJP coalition or directly from Delhi; eight by the Congress or a Congress coalition—in which 51 people have been booked under various sections of the Indian Penal Code, the newly introduced Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967 for organising pro-Palestine rallies and for posting pro-Palestine content on social media since the outbreak of war between Israel and Hamas on 7 Oct 2023.